The Presidency Has Changed Us Equal Opportunity - 1605 Words

Samantha Ruiz AP Government and Politics Arban 7 December 2014 The presidency has been the face of American government, and during times of crisis people are more willing to let him take executive action. The founding fathers had a vision for the nation, devoid of tyranny, with a system of checks and balances that would prevent the abuse of power. But at what point does the president become imperial? Some of the most noteworthy presidents have been imperialistic, because they have progressively expanded their powers as it is deemed necessary in order to fulfill their duty to the country. Yes, the imperial presidency has pushed the limits of power and has caused turmoil among politicians who fear that it has gone to far. The American†¦show more content†¦Thus the imperial presidency was born from foreign affairs, from â€Å"faith and duty and the right of the United States to intervene swiftly in every part of the world† at any moment without the approval of congress (Schlesinger). Past presidents have dealt with national emergenc ies, this pressure is responsibility that he â€Å"must take unto himself† and act accordingly (Schlesinger). Good government starts with the appearance of our leader, and the entire executive office. The president should be representative of the all people in the United States, an exceptional role model who takes the people’s needs into account. The best time for a strong imperialistic president is when faction, anarchy, and excessive ambitions threaten it. The energy put forth by the president â€Å"generally characterize the proceedings of one man in a much more eminent degree† than that of a weaker and more dispersed power system (Hamilton). The importance of this energy highlights the respect our government continues to have for the constitution because of the importance it maintains in this day and age. However the constitution, a historical document is open to interpretation that has become a broader spectrum than ever before. Another reason the presidenc y has gained momentum is due to the exclusive power to respond to â€Å"national emergencies† given by the constitution, such as a terrorist attack (Cairo, 228). Some presidents used this as their loop hole into the system, others simply denied

The Poverty Of The Elderly - 2078 Words

2. The Result of the Research 1) Background Poverty of the elderly is a sensitive political issue in South Korea and it seems to be agreed that welfare policy should address this problem urgently. The average elderly poverty rate among OECD countries is 13.5% while Korea’s rate is 45.1%, 3.4 times higher. Korea’s suicide rate of the elderly is nearly four times the average for OECD countries, with poverty widely understood to be an underlying factors. An effective response to poverty among the elderly requires an accurate determination of which segments of the population are better and worse off. The higher poverty rate among the elderly does not necessarily imply that the same policies should be applied to all of Korea’s elderly. Indeed,†¦show more content†¦This has resulted in severe distortions in support priorities since the actual economic resources of the elderly vary depending on the presence or absence of adult children within household. This suggest a need to account for the economic resources of adult children who are members of the household as a way of gauging the level of actual economic resources while still avoiding the potential pitfalls of the support obligor standards.A more effective policy approach for addressing poverty among the elderly prioritising those with the most urgent need based on accurate assessments of the economic resource of the entire household needs to be taken. 2) Poverty Level among the elderly in Korea Because the Korean pension system is still relatively young and underdeveloped, its elderly poverty rate is higher than in other OECD nations. In most OECD nations, poverty among the elderly dropped sharply as pension systems matured. The rate in Korea is currently much higher than the rates for other population groups. Korea’s elderly poverty rate stands at 45.1% compared to a 13.5%, average for the 30 countries of the OECD. For those countries, poverty among the elderly dropped sharply from the 1980s onward, with the rate for those aged 66-75 falling below that of children and young adults. Social issues such as the high suicide rate among the elderly have led to a widespread perception of the need for a community-level response to poverty among the elderly.Show MoreRelatedPoverty For The Elderly Population Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty for the elderly is a persistent problem in the United States. During the Great Depression of the 1930’s poverty among the e lderly grew in the nation but declined over the years as relief efforts by the government to lift families out of poverty and to secure the future of the elderly population were established. Before the Great Depression, state welfare pensions did not exist and security for retirement was nearly non-existent. 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How can a family die unnoticed of poverty in a country with the third largest economy of the world?Read MoreEssay about Social Security999 Words   |  4 Pageskeeps many elderly and disabled Americans from being stricken by poverty. Without Social Security in our society 15.3 million elderly would have incomes below the poverty line, however after Social Security was added to the equation only 3.8 million elderly have incomes below poverty. Three-fourths of those elderly people who would have been poor without Social Security were removed from below the poverty line by Social Security. Nearly 90 percent of Americas elderly are lifted from poverty by SocialRead MoreEvaluating Truth and Validity Exercise Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pagesweakened, the elderly will have to fear poverty. Therefore, if the Social Security system is not further weakened, the elderly will not have to fear poverty.† After checking the a rgument for any hidden premises and making sure that it was stated fully and in a clear way and finding that it passed, I will move on to the next step, checking for errors affecting truth. Since all elderly are not dependent on Social Security, the statement that all (all is inferred) elderly will fear poverty if the SocialRead MorePoverty vs. the Economy Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty vs. The Economy Poverty is a lack of goods and services necessary to maintain a minimal adequate standard of living. The definition of the term adequate varies, however, with the general standard of living in a society and with public attitudes toward deprivation. No university accepted definition of basic needs exists because poverty is a relative concept. 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Meal-Delivery Startups Look for a Winning Recipe Free Essays

The authors clearly show how high-tech is applied to different areas of marketing mix and supply chain logistics to help meal-kit delivery companies create competitive advantage and have high customer satisfaction and retention rates. Unfortunately the authors are not able to provide us with the numbers for those rates, as they only state opinions of meal-kit entrepreneurs. The importance of computer applications is emphasized in a creation of the product to model recipes, measure prospective demand and stay connected electronically with producers and supplies of meals ingredients. We will write a custom essay sample on Meal-Delivery Startups Look for a Winning Recipe or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the authors, it allows companies more planning and agility while working with seasonal or variable ingredient supply and at the same time pursuing a goal of losing less than 1 % of perishable inventory, which would seem surprisingly low to the reader, comparing to produce waste and spoilage In other food businesses. Internet, Mobil and social media technologies are the main methods used for promotion of the product to the target market of Americans who want to order fresh food online. This Is an Important aspect for growth, as young generations will probably appreciate mime saving and convenience of Internet ordered fresh meals, despite the fact that at $10-12 they are more expensive then store bought frozen dinners, for example. At the low-tech end companies outsource the delivery to the 3-d party, which reduces capital Investment, but at the same time, the authors note, Involves risk of putting customer experience out of companies’ control. Computer technology also plays Important part In a supply chain Integration. While technology can’t always help In all aspects of business, the authors argue, by presenting the example of a meal-kit pending on its ingredients, they indicate, that another company plans to create their own warehouse management software to help track orders and productivity of each of its workers. I found this article relevant to the subject of our class, as it discusses many different aspects of marketing. It also combines feature which are important and interesting to me as a part of my Bal studies with its emphasis on importance of computer technology in elements of marketing mix, supply chain management, logistics and building business competitive advantage. As the future of the Internet grows so do the opportunities for business success for companies that utilize high-tech in their customer relationship management. Technology and sophisticated process of data mining allows innovative businesses to focus on details and customer experience and satisfaction by providing the products and services that their target audiences demand. I consider The Wall Street Journal a credible source as the newspaper is well established, has the largest circulation in US and a reputation of credibility. It has special emphasis on business and economic news. How to cite Meal-Delivery Startups Look for a Winning Recipe, Papers

Australian Retail Banking Industry for Economics- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Retail Banking Industry for Economics. Answer: Introduction It is identified that the Australian Retail Banking industry comprises 4 major publicly listed banks which together hold over 80% of the market share. The remaining is shared between 20 or so different smaller organisations.The main aim of this paper is to discuss the major features which characterise the economics of firms in this industry. Additionally, it also describes a suitable market structure that best describes this industry. It also presents an analysis of the economic and pricing policies that would be expected to find in this industry. In last, it also provides recommendations for a bank for pricing its retail banking products and services. Major Features which Characterise the Economics of Firms in this Industry Economies of scale can be a force to reduce competition in the Australian retail banking industry. Firms or major banks can spread fixed costs across a wide range of activities and thus, they are able to take advantage of economies of scale (Assessing competition in the Australian banking market, 2010). Similarly, economies of firms in this industry also affect on the underlying cost of a banking business in different ways such as ADI's credit rating, spread the cost of complying with regulations, IT synergies, payment systems, and financing infrastructure investment in branch networks. It can also be summarized that economies of firms in this industry can be derived from branch network presence, IT capabilities, dispersing risk, and discretionary overheads such as finance, and marketing (Assessing competition in the Australian banking market, 2010). The below are the main features that characterise the economies of firms in this industry: Product Innovation: Continuous product innovation is the main characteristic that qualifies for the economies of firms in the retail banking industry of Australia. As the technologies is changing quite fast, customers expectations from banking and all services are also changing accordingly and banks need to innovate. Over some recent years, technological advances created a key source of innovative models in retail banking. The main reason behind this is that digital offerings have the potential to reduce banks operating costs as well as the intrinsic value to customers. In this, it can be summarized that the use of advance technologies supports banks to reduce dependence on labour and physical presence as well as greater efficiencies (Deloitte, 2014). At the same time, as digital technologies provide convenience to consumers of retail banking products, these are valued by customers. Successful innovation by banks supports them to quickly capture increased market share and attain first mover advantage. C oncurrently, it can also be summarized that to attain economies of firms, banks should develop means to deploy innovation at a lower cost, continuously innovate and encourage customers retention rate. Product Features: Product features also help in characterising the economies of firms in this industry. It is because product differentiation allows retail banks to charge a premium to present the additional value that is gained by customers. Bundling is one method that is used by Australian banks in this industry to differentiate their products (Deloitte, 2014). This method is beneficial for banks to create more value for customers by reducing their administrative and internal duplication costs. Branch Network Presence: A bank with high branch network presence also reflects an important feature, which characterize the economies of firms in this industry (Assessing competition in the Australian banking market, 2010). In this, an efficient branch network presence helps in spreading the fixed costs across a wide range of activities resulting in reducing overall business cost and attaining economies of scale and competitive advantage. IT Capabilities: Significant investment in IT capabilities is also an important characteristic of economies of firms in this industry. It is because these support firms to ensure continuous innovation at low cost, which are valued by customers. A significant part of the banking presently is driven by the IT factors like Net banking, ATM transactions etc. Banks need to invest significantly in this aspect. Market Structure Best Describing this Industry On the basis of certain features such as size of the market, existing number of firms, number of buyers, product category, and market entry, market structure can be of four types. These include perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. Monopoly is a market, in which there is only one supplier, which produces goods or services with no close substitute exists (Morton and Goodman, 2003). In this market, there are three entry barriers including natural, ownership and legal that protect a firm from potential competition. In contrast, perfect competition presents to the market with many buyers and sellers of a similar product. On the other hand, monopolistic competition is a kind of imperfect competition as many firms sell products or services that are differentiated from one another either by quality or branding (Baumol and Blinder, 2015). Thus, it shows that the products are not perfect substitutes. Beside the three market structures, the oligopoly market structure is also a type of imperfect competitive market structure as few large firms dominate the market (Hall and Lieberman, 2007). The main characteristics of this market structure include few sellers, difficult market entry, and either a homogeneous or a differentiated product (Tucker, 2008). Therefore, among the four market structures, the oligopoly market structure best describes the Australian Retail Banking industry. It is because the main characteristic of this structure is few sellers, which also applies to the Australian retail banking industry (Baumol and Blinder, 2015). In this, the 4 major publicly listed banks together hold a large market share more than 80%. Additionally, to describe the oligopoly competition in this industry, it can be stated that four banks dominate the industry. Moreover, the mutual interdependence among the four major banks also puts this industry under oligopoly market structure. It is beca use the banks are in the situation in which an action by one bank can cause a reaction from other banks (Hall and Lieberman, 2007). Another characteristic of this structure includes production of either a homogenous or a differentiated product (Tucker, 2008). This feature also applies to the retail banking industry in Australia. It is because it is found that all the major banks in this industry provides either homogeneous or differentiated products. All these banks offer a wide range of products and services including credit and debit card, personal and home loan, fixed term deposit accounts and investment accounts (Deloitte, 2014). It is evaluated that all the four major banks compete with each other by differentiating their offerings in other ways including good quality of service and innovative products. Oligopoly market structure has also a characteristic as difficult entry due to high barriers such as economies of scale, huge financial requirements, control over an important resource, and other legal barriers (Tucker, 2008). All the major banks in this industry also creates high entry barriers including huge capital requirements, economies of scale and control on resources. However, globalization, change in policy, and technology are some factors that support to reduce these entry barriers. Thus, it can be stated that oligopoly market structure best describes the retail banking industry of Australia. Analysis of the Economic and Pricing Policies It is analyzed that prices including fees, interest rates, and charges are tend to be closely matched in this industry. It is because change in rates by one major bank is quickly responded by other banks including smaller players (Deloitte, 2014). It is also examined that all the competitors closely monitor each-other so that a quick respond can be made to retain the significant market share. Thus, based on this, it can be stated that competitive pricing policy would be expected in this industry. In addition to this, non-price competition would also expect in this industry. It is because it is perceived by all the major banks and other smaller banks that competitors will match any price reduction in an easy and quick manner (Tisdell and Hartley, 2008). It is found that major banks generally compete by using product differentiation as it is more difficult to combat an important product improvement. For making differentiation effective, the banks use innovation, advertising and good quality of services. Moreover, the price leadership policy would also be expected in this industry. In this, the major banks can play a game of follow the leader without a formal agreement (Tucker, 2008). It is analyzed that due to existence of oligopoly market structure, price leadership policy would expect in this industry. Under price leadership policy, a dominant bank would set the price for the industry and the other banks will follow (Baumol and Blinder, 2015). This policy also assumes that firms will not collude to avoid price competition. In addition, the cartel is another policy that would also expect in this industry. In this, the four major banks can agree to a peace treaty to avoid price wars. A cartel refers to the situation, in which firms openly or secretly conspire to form a monopoly instead of allowing mutual interdependence to lead to rivalry (Tucker, 2008). Under this pricing policy, all the major banks can formally agree to control the price and the output of their offerings. The main purpose of making a cartel would be to reap monopoly profits by making cooperation instead of competition. Policy Recommendations The Australian retail banking industry consists of number of banks licensed to conduct on banking business. Bendigo and Adelaide Bank is selected from this industry to provide policy recommendations for the pricing of its retail banking products and services. The bank provides a wide range of products and services such as commercial mortgages and unsecured loans, financial planning, personal and business banking, insurance, investment product, etc (Bendigo and Adelaide Bank, 2016). Retail banking products and services are provided by Bendigo Bank to more than 1.4 million retail customers through its branch network. Although the bank is successful to serve many regional retail customers through its offerings, however to get ahead from growing competition as well as attain and maintain market share against the larger four banks, it is essential to use effective pricing policies (Baumol and Blinder, 2015). The below are policy recommendation for the pricing of its retail banking products and services: Use of Competitive Prices: The bank should use competitive pricing policy for its retail banking products and services in order to compete successfully against the big competitors. The bank should closely monitor other banks pricing policies as well as other activities such as product offerings, degree of innovation, etc so that in adverse situations a quick respond can be made (Deloitte, 2014). It would be helpful for the firm to retain the current market share and improve profitability position. The bank should also focus on matching different prices including interest rates, fees, etc. in relation to its banking products and services. Charge of a Premium: The bank can also charge premium price for its innovative retail products and services. It is because customers are ready to pay high premium price for the products and services that are perceived by them as more quality, easy accessible and additional value created (Deloitte, 2014). The bank can also use this price for its innovative retail products and services that are of good quality and easily accessible. In addition, to make the products attractive and differentiated in the eyes of customers, the bank should use effective marketing and advertising strategies. It would be helpful for the bank to attain a considerable market share against the big competitors. Follow of Market Leader's Price: As the Australian retail banking industry is dominated by four large banks, it is likely that they develop a price leadership policy, in which it becomes essential that small retail banks follow the price that is set by the dominant bank. Therefore, the bank should also prepare to adopt this pricing policy as it would be helpful to avoid the situation of price competition in the industry. The use of all these policies can be helpful to get success and ensure long-term business survival in current retail banking industry of Australia. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that due to operating the business on large scale, firms are able to gain economies of scale benefits. It is because firms can spread their fixed cost and also develop efficiencies to attain economies of firms benefits. It can also be concluded that branch network presence, IT capabilities, investment in product innovation and product features are the main characteristics that qualify the economies of firms in retail banking industry of Australia. It can also be concluded that oligopoly market structure best describes the Australian retail banking industry as it is dominated by four big banks, which provide differentiated products and where entry is difficult due to huge capital requirements, control on resources, and other legal reasons. It can also be concluded that due to oligopoly market structure, pricing policies such as competitive pricing, non-price competition, price leadership, and the cartel pricing policy would expect in this industry. Moreover, it can also be summarized that for a small retail bank in this industry, the use of competitive pricing policy, premium pricing, price leadership can be beneficial to ensure long-term business success. In addition, it can also be concluded from this assignment task, I have also gained various insights. I have come to know that building of IT capabilities, investment in innovation activities so that product differentiation can be attained, and strong branch networks are the main characteristics through which the banks can attain economies of firms benefits in Australia retail banking industry. I have also learned that an industry's market structure can be determined on the basis of its size, entry barriers and product offerings. I have come to know that market structures can be four types including monopoly, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly competition. I have also learnt that Australian retail banking industry comes into oligopoly market structure as it is dominated by some big banks. I have also learned that on the basis of the market structure, economic and pricing policies exist in an industry. I learned that non price competition, price leadership, the cartel and competitive pricing are some important pricing policies that can exist under oligopoly market structure. I have also learned that instead of focusing on prices, product differentiation, high speed access and good quality of services can be helpful for firms in this industry to attain long-term success and competitive advantage. References Assessing competition in the Australian banking market (2010) Available at: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/c04.pdf [Accessed: 6th May, 2016]. Baumol, W. J., and Blinder, A. S. (2015) Microeconomics: Principles and Policy. USA: Cengage Learning. Bendigo and Adelaide Bank (2016) Available at: https://www.bendigoadelaide.com.au/public/about_us/index.asp [Accessed: 6th May, 2016]. Bendigo and Adelaide Bank (2016) Available at: https://www.bendigoadelaide.com.au/public/about_us/group_companies.asp [Accessed: 6th May, 2016]. Deloitte (2014) Competition in Retail banking. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/au/Documents/Economics/deloitte-au-economics-retail-banking-competition-010314.pdf [Accessed: 6th May, 2016]. Hall, R. and Lieberman, M. (2007) Economics: Principles and Applications. USA: Cengage Learning. Morton, J. S. and Goodman, R. J. B. (2003) Advanced Placement Economics: Microeconomics, Student Activities. UK: Council for Economic Educat. Tisdell, C. A. and Hartley, K. (2008) Microeconomic Policy: A New Perspective. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Tucker, I. (2008) Survey of Economics. USA: Cengage Learning.